IZA - All published DPs

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No. Author(s) Title JEL Class.
15732 Wendelin Schnedler
The Broken Chain: Evidence against Emotionally Driven Upstream Indirect Reciprocity
Psychologists claim that being treated kindly puts individuals in a positive emotional state: they then treat an unrelated third party more kindly. Numerous experiments document that subjects indeed ...
(published in: Games and Economic Behavior, 2022, 136, 542-558)
D91, C91, D03
15731 Fabio Montobbio
Jacopo Staccioli
Maria Enrica Virgillito
Marco Vivarelli
The Empirics of Technology, Employment and Occupations: Lessons Learned and Challenges Ahead
What have we learned, from the most recent years of debate and analysis, of the future of work being threatened by technology? This paper presents a critical review of the empirical literature and ...
(published in: Journal of Economic Surveys, 2024, 38 (5), 1622-1655)
O33
15730 Andreas Steinmayr
Manuel Rossi
Vaccine-Skeptic Physicians and COVID-19 Vaccination Rates
What is the role of general practitioners (GPs) in supporting or hindering public health efforts? We investigate the influence of vaccine-skeptic GPs on their patients' decisions to get a COVID-19 ...
(published as 'Vaccine-skeptic physicians and patient vaccination decisions' in: Health Economics, 2024, 33 (3), 509-525)
I12, I18
15728 Esther Arenas-Arroyo
Daniel Fernández-Kranz
Natalia Nollenberger
High Speed Internet and the Widening Gender Gap in Adolescent Mental Health: Evidence from Hospital Records
Increases in mental health problems among adolescents have been concurrent with increased use of digital media, with bigger changes among girls after the mid-2010s. This study exploits exogenous ...
(This version: May 2023)
J13, J16, I10, I12, I18, H31, L86
15724 Sabien Dobbelaere
Grace McCormack
Daniel Prinz
Sandor Sovago
Firm Consolidation and Labor Market Outcomes
Using rich administrative data from the Netherlands, we study the consequences of firm consolidation for workers. For workers at acquired firms, takeovers are associated with a 8.5% drop in ...
(published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2025, 235, 107036)
G34, J2, J3, M51
15722 Gianluca Orefice
Hillel Rapoport
Gianluca Santoni
How Do Immigrants Promote Exports? Networks, Knowledge, Diversity.
How do immigrants promote exports? To answer this question we propose a unified empirical framework allowing to identify and disentangle the main mechanisms put forth in the literature: the role of ...
(published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2025, 174, 103443)
F14, F16, F22, O47
15719 Alex Hollingsworth
Melissa A. Thomasson
Krzysztof Karbownik
Anthony Wray
The Gift of a Lifetime: The Hospital, Modern Medicine, and Mortality
The past century witnessed a dramatic improvement in public health, the rise of modern medicine, and the transformation of the hospital from a fringe institution to one essential to the practice of ...
(published in: American Economic Review, 2024, 114(7), 2201-2238.)
I14, J13, N32
15717 Simon Jäger
Jörg Heining
How Substitutable Are Workers? Evidence from Worker Deaths
We estimate how exogenous worker exits affect firms' demand for incumbent workers and new hires. Drawing on administrative data from Germany, we analyze 34,000 unexpected worker deaths, which, on ...
(revise and resubmit: American Economic Review)
J20, J30, J63
15716 Theodor Vladasel
Simon C. Parker
Randolph Sloof
Mirjam C. van Praag
Revenue Drift, Incentives, and Effort Allocation in Social Enterprises
Revenue drift, where insufficient attention is given to economic, relative to social, goals, threatens social enterprise performance and survival. We argue that financial incentives can address this ...
(published in: Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 2024, 33 (3), 630 - 651)
D22, J33, L21, L31
15715 Claudia Senik
Andrew E. Clark
Conchita D'Ambrosio
Anthony Lepinteur
Carsten Schröder
Teleworking and Life Satisfaction during COVID-19: The Importance of Family Structure
We carry out a difference-in-differences analysis of a representative real-time survey conducted as part of the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) study and show that teleworking had a negative ...
(published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2024, 37 (1), Article 8)
I31, M5
15714 Christian Merkl
Timo Sauerbier
Public Employment Agency Reform, Matching Efficiency, and German Unemployment
Our paper analyzes the role of public employment agencies in job matching, in particular the effects of the restructuring of the Federal Employment Agency in Germany (Hartz III labor market reform) ...
(revised version published in: IMF Economic Review, 2024, 72, 393-440)
E24, E00, E60
15713 Wim Naudé
The Future Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Mythical Agents, a Singleton and the Dark Forest
This paper contributes to the economics of AI by exploring three topics neglected by economists: (i) the notion of a Singularity (and Singleton), (ii) the existential risks that AI may pose to ...
(published in: W. Naudé and T. Gries and N. Dimitri (eds.), Artificial Intelligence: Economic Perspectives and Models, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2024)
O40, O33, D01, D64
15710 Nicholas Bloom
Steven J. Davis
Lucia Foster
Scott Ohlmacher
Itay Saporta-Eksten
Investment and Subjective Uncertainty
A longstanding challenge in evaluating the impact of uncertainty on investment is obtaining measures of managers' subjective uncertainty. We address this challenge by using a detailed new survey ...
(published as '2020 Klein Lecture—Investment and Subjective Uncertainty' in: International Economic Review, 2024, 65 (4), 1591 - 1606)
L2, M2, O32, O33
15709 Zhuoer Lin
Fang Ba
Heather Allore
Gordon G. Liu
Xi Chen
Geographic Variation in Inpatient Care Utilization, Outcomes and Costs for Dementia Patients in China
Dementia leads public health issue worldwide. China has the largest population of adults living with dementia in the world, imposing increasing burdens on the public health and healthcare systems. ...
(published in: China CDC Weekly, 2022, 4 (45), 997-1001)
J14, I11, I14, I18, H75
15704 Patricia Palffy
Patrick Lehnert
Uschi Backes-Gellner
Social Norms and Gendered Occupational Choices of Men and Women: Time to Turn the Tide?
We analyze the relationship between social gender norms and adolescents' occupational choices by combining regional votes on constitutional amendments on gender equality with job application data ...
(published in: Industrial Relations, 2023, 62 (4), 380-410)
J24, J16, I24, M59
15703 Martha J. Bailey
Janet Currie
Hannes Schwandt
The COVID-19 Baby Bump: The Unexpected Increase in U.S. Fertility Rates in Response to the Pandemic
We use restricted natality microdata covering the universe of U.S. births for 2015-2021 and California births from 2015 to August 2022 to examine the childbearing response to the COVID-19 pandemic. ...
(published in: Demograpy, 2023, 120 (34), e2222075120)
J13, I14
15702 Miriam Koomen
Uschi Backes-Gellner
Occupational Tasks and Wage Inequality in Germany: A Decomposition Analysis
We study the role of occupational tasks as drivers of West German wage inequality. We match administrative wage data with longitudinal task data, which allows us to account for within-occupation ...
(published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 79, 102284)
C55, D63, E24, J31
15701 Sebastian Link
The Price and Employment Response of Firms to the Introduction of Minimum Wages
This paper studies the price and employment response of firms to the introduction of a nation-wide minimum wage in Germany. Widely throughout the economy, affected firms responded by rapidly and ...
(published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2024, 239, 105236)
E31, E24, J38, J31
15700 Marco Bertoni
Giorgio Brunello
Filippo Da Re
Pension Reforms, Longer Working Horizons and Depression. Does the Risk of Automation Matter?
We investigate the effect of postponing minimum retirement age on middle-aged workers' depression. Using pension reforms in several European countries and data from the SHARE survey, we find that ...
(published in: Labour Economics, 2023, 85, 102447)
I1, J24, J26, O33
15699 Sandro Heiniger
Winfried Koeniger
Michael Lechner
The Heterogeneous Response of Real Estate Asset Prices to a Global Shock
We estimate the transmission of the pandemic shock in 2020 to prices in the residential and commercial real estate market by causal machine learning, using new granular data at the municipal level ...
(revised version published online as 'The heterogeneous response of real estate prices during the Covid-19 pandemic' in: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society, 27 August 2024)
E21, E22, G12, G51, R21, R31
15695 David G. Blanchflower
Alex Bryson
Recession and Deflation?
Central bankers are raising interest rates on the assumption that wage-push inflation may lead to stagflation. This is not the case. Although unemployment is low, the labor market is not 'tight'. On ...
(published in: Review of Keynesian Economics, 2023, 11 (2), 234-251 )
E31, E43, J2, J3, J64
15694 Christian Eggenberger
Uschi Backes-Gellner
IT Skills, Occupation Specificity and Job Separations
This paper examines how workers' earnings change after involuntary job separations depending on the workers' acquired IT skills and the specificity of their occupational training. We categorize ...
(published in: Economics of Education Review, 2023, 92, 102333 )
J24, J63, M53
15691 Astrid Kunze
Katrin Scharfenkamp
Gender Diversity, Labour in the Boardroom and Gender Quotas
This study investigates boards of (non-executive) directors and whether employee representation has a positive effect on gender diversity on boards. We exploit rich, newly assembled board–director ...
(substantially changed version published online as 'The Importance of Codetermination for Gender Diversity in the Boardroom' in: Industrial Relations, 16 June 2025 )
G3, J16, K3, L21, L25, M54
15689 Tobias Schultheiss
Uschi Backes-Gellner
Does Updating Education Curricula Accelerate Technology Adoption in the Workplace? Evidence from Dual Vocational Education and Training Curricula in Switzerland
In an environment of accelerating technological change and increasing digitalization, firms need to adopt new technologies faster than ever before to stay competitive. This paper examines whether ...
(published in: Journal of Technology Transfer, 2024, 49, 191–235)
O33, I25, J23
15688 Tobias Schultheiss
Uschi Backes-Gellner
Different Degrees of Skill Obsolescence across Hard and Soft Skills and the Role of Lifelong Learning for Labor Market Outcomes
This paper examines the role of lifelong learning in counteracting skill depreciation and obsolescence. We build on findings showing that different skill types have structurally different ...
(published in: Industrial Relations, 2023, 62 (3), 257 - 287)
M53, J24, I2
15687 Tobias Schultheiss
Curdin Pfister
Ann-Sophie Gnehm
Uschi Backes-Gellner
Education Expansion and High-Skill Job Opportunities for Workers: Does a Rising Tide Lift All Boats?
We examine how education expansions affect the job opportunities for workers with and without the new education. To identify causal effects, we exploit a quasi-random establishment of Universities of ...
(published in: Labour Economics, 2023, 82, 102354)
I23, J23, J24
15686 Colin P. Green
Ole Henning Nyhus
Kari Vea Salvanes
How Does Testing Young Children Influence Educational Attainment and Well-Being?
How much young children should be tested and graded is a highly contentious issue in education policy. Opponents consider it detrimental to child mental health, leading to misaligned incentives in ...
(published as 'Does testing young children influence educational attainment and wellbeing?' in: Journal of Population Economics, 2025, 38 (1), 20)
I28, I24
15684 Hai-Anh H Dang
Gbemisola Oseni
Alberto Zezza
Kseniya Abanokova
Learning Inequalities during COVID-19: Evidence from Longitudinal Surveys from Sub-Saharan Africa
There is hardly any study on learning inequalities during the COVID-19 pandemic in a low-income, multi-country context. Analyzing 34 longitudinal household and phone survey rounds from Burkina Faso, ...
(published as 'Educational Inequalities during COVID-19: Results from Longitudinal Surveys in Sub-Saharan Africa' in: International Journal of Education Development, 2025, 112, 103174 (without A. Zezza))
D0, H0, I2, O1
15681 Anzelika Zaiceva
Multitasking
This chapter reviews economic studies on multitasking in household production. Whereas multitasking or task juggling in the workplace has been analyzed more widely, economic literature on ...
(published in: K.F. Zimmermann (ed.), Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer, Cham, 2023, 1-29)
D13, J22, J16
15678 Daniel Kühnle
Guy Johnson
Yi-Ping Tseng
Making It Home? Evidence on the Long-Run Impact of an Intensive Support Program for the Chronically Homeless on Housing, Employment and Health
Interventions that combine unconditional permanent housing with support services, known as Housing First approaches, generally improve housing outcomes for people who have experienced chronic ...
(published in: Journal of Urban Economics, 2023, 133, 103511)
R28, I38, I12
15672 Jorge Luis García
James J. Heckman
Parenting Promotes Social Mobility Within and Across Generations
This paper compares early childhood enrichment programs that promote social mobility for disadvantaged children within and across generations. Instead of conducting a standard meta-analysis, we ...
(published in: Annual Review of Economics, 2023, 15, 349 - 388)
J18, J13, J24, J31, D13
15671 Jeff DeSimone
Daniel Grossman
Nicolas R. Ziebarth
Regression Discontinuity Evidence on the Effectiveness of the Minimum Legal E-cigarette Purchasing Age
Increases in youth vaping rates and concerns of a new generation of nicotine addicts recently prompted an increase in the federal minimum legal purchase age (MLPA) for tobacco products, including ...
(published in: American Journal of Health Economics, 2023, 9 (3), 461 – 485)
I12, I18, H51, H75
15669 Francesco Sarracino
Kelsey J. O'Connor
A Measure of Well-Being Efficiency Based on the World Happiness Report
We estimate a measure of well-being efficiency that assesses countries' ability to transform inputs into subjective well-being (Cantril ladder). We use the six inputs (real GDP per capita, healthy ...
(published in: International Productivity Monitor, 2022, 43, 10-40. )
I31, E23, D60, O47, O15
15668 Adrian Lerche
Investment Tax Credits and the Response of Firms
This paper estimates the direct effects of investment tax credits on firms' production behavior and the additional indirect effects arising from agglomeration economies. Exploiting a change in tax ...
(published in: American Economic Review, 2025, 115 (8), 2781–2818)
D22, H25, H32, J23, R11
15666 Leila Ben Salem
Ridha Nouira
Khaled Jeguirim
Christophe Rault
The Determinants of Crude Oil Prices: Evidence from ARDL and Nonlinear ARDL Approaches
This paper is an innovative attempt to empirically investigate the determinants of crude oil prices. The main objective is to distinguish between short- and long-term effects of some covariates on ...
(published in: Resources Policy, 2022, 79, 103085)
C5, Q4, Q43
15663 Michael S. Hayes
Jing Liu
Seth Gershenson
Who Refers Whom? The Effects of Teacher Characteristics on Disciplinary Office Referrals
Teachers affect a wide range of students' educational and social outcomes, but how they contribute to students' involvement in school discipline is less understood. We estimate the impact of teacher ...
(published in: Economics of Education Review, 2023, 93, 102376)
I2, J7
15662 Adrian Adermon
Lisa Laun
Patrik Lind
Martin Olsson
Jan Sauermann
Anna Sjögren
Earnings Losses and the Role of the Welfare State during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Sweden
Many governments introduced temporary adjustments to counter the economic and health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. We study the importance of already existing government transfers and ...
(published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2024, 70 (4), 981 - 1010)
D31, E24, H20, H12, C23
15661 Ignacio Belloc
José Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal
José Alberto Molina
Weather Conditions and Daily Commuting
Climate change and global warming are problems that currently affect the daily lives of the world population and, to the extent that climate projections are less than optimistic, understanding how ...
(published in: Journal of Regional Science, 2025, 65, 818-842)
R4, J22
15660 Henri Haapanala
Ive Marx
Zachary Parolin
Decent Wage Floors in Europe: Does the Minimum Wage Directive Get It Right?
The Directive on Adequate Minimum Wages represents a watershed initiative adding substance to the EU's social dimension. It contains two ambitious objectives: establishing the minimum level of ...
(published in: Journal of European Social Policy, 2023, 33 (4), 421 - 435)
J38, E24, J50, C23
15659 Ainoa Aparicio Fenoll
Naturalization and Immigrants' Health
The "healthy immigrant effect" refers to the well-documented fact that immigrants are healthier than natives upon arrival, but their health level converges to that of natives over time. ...
(published in: Health Economics, 2024, 33 (2), 310 - 332)
J15, J61, I14
15657 Sherajum Monira Farin
Lauren Hoehn-Velasco
Michael Pesko
The Impact of Legal Abortion on Maternal Mortality
Legal abortion has recently been suggested as an essential healthcare service. In this study, we consider whether abortion legalization over 1969-1973 improved women's health, measured by maternal ...
(published in: American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2024, 16 (3), 174 - 216)
I18, J13, K38, H75
15656 Lauren Hoehn-Velasco
Michael Pesko
Serena Phillips
The Long-Term Impact of In-Utero Cigarette Taxes on Adult Prenatal Smoking
This study examines the long-term link between in-utero cigarette taxes and adult prenatal smoking. We use U.S. birth certificate records to demonstrate that exposure to higher in-utero cigarette ...
(published in: American Journal of Health Economics, 2023, 9 (4), 605–648)
I12, I18, H71, H75
15655 Rahi Abouk
Charles Courtemanche
Dhaval M. Dave
Bo Feng
Abigail S. Friedman
J. Catherine Maclean
Michael Pesko
Joseph J. Sabia
Samuel Safford
Intended and Unintended Effects of E-cigarette Taxes on Youth Tobacco Use
Over the past decade, rising youth use of e-cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has contributed to aggressive regulation by state and local governments. Between 2010 and ...
(published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2023, 87, 102720)
H2, I1, I18
15654 Andrew E. Clark
Conchita D'Ambrosio
Anthony Lepinteur
Marriage as Insurance: Job Protection and Job Insecurity in France
Job insecurity is one of the risks that workers face on the labour market. As with any risk, individuals can choose to insure against it, and we here consider marriage as one potential source of this ...
(published in: Review of Economics of the Household, 2023, 21 (4), 1157-1190)
I38, J13, J18
15653 Anthony Lepinteur
Andrew E. Clark
Ada Ferrer-i-Carbonell
Alan Piper
Carsten Schröder
Conchita D'Ambrosio
Gender, Loneliness and Happiness during COVID-19
We analyse a measure of loneliness from a representative sample of German individuals interviewed in both 2017 and at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Both men and women felt lonelier ...
(published in: Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 2022, 101, 101952)
I10, I14, I18, I30
15652 Maria Zumbuehl
Stefanie Hof
Stefan C. Wolter
Private Tutoring and Academic Achievement in a Selective Education System
Decisions about admission to selective schools usually rely on performance measures. To reach a required achievement threshold students may make use of additional resources, such as private tutoring. ...
(published online in: Education Economics, 25 July 2024)
D82, I21, I24
15651 Matthew Fisher-Post
Nicolas Herault
Roger Wilkins
Distributional National Accounts for Australia, 1991-2018
We produce estimates of the full distribution of all national income in Australia for the period 1991 to 2018, by combining household survey with administrative tax microdata and adjusting to match ...
(published online in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 18 July 2024)
D31, I31, C81
15650 Tom Krebs
Martin Scheffel
Optimal Allocations in Growth Models with Private Information
This paper considers a class of growth models with idiosyncratic human capital risk and private information about individual effort choices (moral hazard). Households are infinitely-lived and have ...
(published in: Economic Theory, 2024, 78, 125 - 154)
D51, D82, E20
15649 Henri Bussink
Bas ter Weel
Costs and Benefits of an Individual Learning Account (ILA): A Simulation Analysis for the Netherlands
This study analyses costs and benefits of a public-private funded individual learning account (ILA) for the labour force in the Netherlands. We consider an ILA that is funded by subsidies targeted at ...
(published in: Economic Modelling, 2023, 118, 106085)
J24, J33
15648 Sarah Gust
Eric A. Hanushek
Ludger Woessmann
Global Universal Basic Skills: Current Deficits and Implications for World Development
How far is the world away from ensuring that every child obtains the basic skills needed to be internationally competitive? And what would accomplishing this mean for world development? Based on the ...
(published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2024, 166, 103205)
I25, O15, O47
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