IZA - All published DPs

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No. Author(s) Title JEL Class.
17418 Oded Stark
Stress in the Air: A Conjecture
The 1949 study The American Soldier: Combat and Its Aftermath, Volume II, by Stouffer et al. presents detailed accounts of the attitudes of American fighter pilots toward the stress experienced by ...
(published in: Economics & Human Biology, 2024, 55, 101430)
D01, D23, D9, E7, H56, I12, I38, J28, J38, J48, J58, N42, N44
17410 Amrit Amirapu
Niaz Asadullah
Zaki Wahhaj
Can the Law Affect Attitudes and Behaviour in the Absence of Strict Enforcement? Experimental Evidence from a Child Marriage Reform in Bangladesh
In developing countries, one in four girls is married before turning 18, with adverse consequences for themselves and their children. In this paper, we investigate whether laws can affect attitudes ...
(forthcoming in: Journal of Law, Economics and Organization)
J12, J16, K36
17408 Francisca M. Antman
Incorporating Changes in Race, Gender, and Academic Field at Colleges and Universities - A Comment on 'The Ebbing Tide: How Will Higher Education Adapt to Demographic Change?'
Jacob L. Vigdor (2024)'s noteworthy contribution in "The Ebbing Tide: How Will Higher Education Adapt to Demographic Change?" estimates the impact of demographic change on colleges and universities. ...
(forthcoming in: John Y. Campbell and Kaye Husbands Fealing (eds.), Financing Institutions of Higher Education, University of Chicago Press for NBER.)
J1, I2
17403 Doris Weichselbaumer
Hermann Riess
Discrimination in the Austrian Rental Housing Market: The Effect of Information Concerning First and Second-Generation Immigrant Status
In this study, we conduct an email correspondence test to examine ethnic discrimination against males with different immigration backgrounds (Serbian, Turkish/Muslim and Syrian/Muslim) in the ...
(published in: Journal of Housing Economics, 2024, 66, 102030)
C93, R21, R31
17400 Massimiliano Bratti
Silvia Granato
Enkelejda Havari
Another Chance: Number of Exam Retakes and University Students' Outcomes
Exams play a key role in a student's learning process at university, and their organization may affect student performance. A high number of retakes, for instance, could encourage procrastination or ...
(revised version published in: European Economic Review, 2026, 183, 105222)
I21, I23
17399 Bernardo Fanfani
Filippo Passerini
Are Alternative Work Arrangements a Substitute for Standard Employment? Evidence from Worker-Level Data
This study analyses the impact of vouchers, an Italian alternative work arrangement, on earnings of atypical workers. We investigate whether this form of very flexible casual work substitutes for ...
(forthcoming in: International Journal of Manpower, 2025)
J24, J22, D12, C13, C21
17395 Ludger Woessmann
Skills and Earnings: A Multidimensional Perspective on Human Capital
The multitude of tasks performed in the labor market requires skills in many dimensions. Traditionally, human capital has been proxied primarily by educational attainment. However, an expanding body ...
(published in: Annual Review of Economics, 2025, 17, 397-425)
J24, I26
17385 Alex Bryson
Harald Dale-Olsen
Job Search, Efficiency Wages and Taxes
Norwegian workers' job mobility decisions are related to firms' wage policies, but also depend on the national tax schedule. By utilising Norwegian population-wide administrative linked ...
(forthcoming in: Labour Economics)
H24, J42, J63, M12
17378 Werner Eichhorst
Gemma Scalise
Revisiting Dualism? The Governance of the Low Pay-Low Skill Labour Market in Four European Countries
The permanent restructuring of the economy, exacerbated by the digital transition and combined with labour market dualization, is progressively increasing semi- and low-skilled workers' risk of ...
(published online in: European Journal of Industrial Relations, 11. November 2025)
J21, J31, J38
17367 Samuel Mühlemann
AI Adoption and Workplace Training
This paper investigates the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption in production processes on workplace training practices, using firm-level data from the BIBB establishment panel on ...
(substantially revised version published as 'Artifical intelligence adoption and workplace training' in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2025, 238, 107206.)
J23, J24, M53, O33
17361 Winfried Koeniger
Peter Kress
Jonas Lehmann
Consumption Expenditures in Austria & Germany: New Evidence Based on Transactional Data
We analyze the novel transactional card expenditure data for Germany and Austria provided by Fable Data. We describe key features of the data in terms of the coverage of expenditure items, payment ...
(revised version published online in: German Economic Review, 28 July 2025)
C80, D12, E21
17356 Simone Bertoli
Melchior Clerc
Jordan Loper
Čric Roca Fernández
Migration and the Epidemiological Approach: Time and Self-Selection into Foreign Ancestries Matter
Data on individuals of immigrant origin are used in the epidemiological approach in comparative development for understanding cultural persistence, the determinants of cultural norms, and the effects ...
(published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2025, 176, 103505)
F22, 012, Z10
17350 Kristina Czura
Florian Englmaier
Hoa Ho
Lisa Spantig
Employee Performance and Mental Well-Being: The Mitigating Effects of Transformational Leadership During Crisis
The positive role of transformational leadership for productivity and mental wellbeing has long been established. Transformational leadership behavior may be particularly suited to navigate times of ...
(published online in: Management Science, 6 Aug 2025)
M54, M12, J53
17341 Nick Drydakis
Discrimination and Health Outcomes in England's Black Communities amid the Cost-of-Living Crisis: Evaluating the Role of Inflation and Bank Rates
This study utilised longitudinal data from Black History Month events in London from 2021 to 2023. Novel findings revealed that increased inflation and Bank Rates, related to the cost-of-living ...
(published online in: Ethnic and Racial Studies, 23 October 2024)
E31, E32, E43, I14, J71, J15
17333 Costanza De Acutis
Andrea Weber
Elisabeth Wurm
The Effects of Board Gender Quotas: A Meta-Analysis
We use a meta-analysis to summarize the recent literature evaluating effects of the introduction of gender quotas on company boards. We collect data from 51 studies on policies implemented in 11 ...
(published in: Labour Economics, 2024, 91, 102634)
C8, G3, J7
17331 Giorgio Brunello
Clementina Crocč
Pamela Giustinelli
Lorenzo Rocco
Teacher Personality and the Perceived Socioeconomic Gap in Student Outcomes
We randomly assign student profiles to teachers and elicit teachers' beliefs about the student's likelihood of success in alternative high school tracks. We document a large and statistically ...
(published in: Economics Letters, 2025, 247, 112096)
I20, I24
17327 Jed DeVaro
Scott Fung
The Importance of Luck in Executive Promotion Tournaments: Theory and Evidence
We empirically test whether executives' increases in base salary when promoted to CEO result from the wage bids of competing firms (i.e., "market-based tournaments") or from the strategic choices of ...
(published in: JBFA Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 2025, 52 (3), 1349-1373)
G32, G39, J31, M12
17324 Charlotte Bartels
Eva Sierminska
Carsten Schröder
Wealth Creators or Inheritors? Unpacking the Gender Wealth Gap from Bottom to Top and Young to Old
There is growing interest in understanding how gender influences the accumulation of wealth. While prior studies focused on labor-related determinants, our research focuses on inheritances and gifts. ...
(published in: Economics Letters, 2025, 246, 111997)
D31, D63, J16
17322 Silke Anger
Bernhard Christoph
Agata Galkiewicz
Shushanik Margaryan
Frauke Peter
Malte Sandner
Thomas Siedler
A Library in the Palm of Your Hand? A Randomized Field Experiment with Low-Income Children
Reading comprehension is critical for academic success, yet children from disadvantaged backgrounds often engage in reading less frequently than their more advantaged peers. This study evaluates the ...
(This version: March 2025.)
C93, I20, I24
17321 Nick Drydakis
Business Disruptions Due to Social Vulnerability and Criminal Activities in Urban Areas
This study investigates the relationship between social vulnerability, illegal activities, and location-based business disruptions in Athens, the capital of Greece. The research utilises repeated ...
(published in: Journal of Criminal Justice, 2024, 95, 102293)
K4, K42, L26, I3, E32
17320 James Flynn
Contraceptive Access Creates Positive Selection in Infant Health
This paper documents an important unintended consequence of expanding contraceptive access; namely that it creates positive selection in the health of the children being born. I use a family planning ...
(published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2025, 104, 13081)
J13, I18, I12
17319 Micole De Vera
Javier Garcia-Brazales
Establishment Size and the Task Content of Jobs: Evidence from 46 Countries
Using a mix of household- and employer-based survey data from 46 countries, we provide novel evidence that workers in larger establishments perform more non-routine analytical tasks, even within ...
(published in: Economica, 2025, 92 (366), 548-579)
J24, J31, L25
17314 Zheyuan Zhang
Hui Xu
Ruilin Liu
Zhong Zhao
Free Education and the Intergenerational Transmission of Cognitive Skills in Rural China
This paper estimates the impact of the Free Education Policy, a major education reform implemented in rural China in 2006, as a natural experiment on the intergenerational transmission of cognitive ...
(published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2025, 38, 29 (2025))
H52, I24, J24
17311 Nikos Askitas
Anoop Bindra Martinez
Fabio Saia Cereda
The IZA / Fable Swipe Consumption Index
This paper introduces a novel monthly consumption indicator: the IZA / Fable Data consumption indicator for Germany. It is based on credit card transactions data collected and anonymised by Fable ...
(published in: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 2025, 245 (4–5), 589–59)
D12, E2, C8
17305 Herwig Immervoll
Financing Social Protection in OECD Countries: Role and Uses of Revenue Earmarking
In many OECD countries, the majority of social spending is financed from earmarked revenues, and a large share of revenues earmarked for any type of government spending is used for social purposes. ...
(forthcoming in: U. Gentilini (ed.), Scaling up: insights into the financing, political economy and delivery of social assistance (preliminary title), World Bank: Washington DC, 2024)
H20, H50, I00, P52
17303 Katja Görlitz
Pascal Heß
Marcus Tamm
Should States Allow Early School Enrollment? An Analysis of Individuals' Long-Term Labor Market Effects
This study provides a policy evaluation of laws allowing early school enrollment of children, i.e., enrollment before the official school starting age. It investigates the effects of early enrollment ...
(published in: Empirical Economics, 2025, 68, 2383–2411)
I28, J21, J24
17296 Giorgio Brunello
Lorenzo Rocco
The Pecuniary Costs of Early School Leaving and Poor Basic Cognitive and Non-cognitive Skills
We produce estimates of the pecuniary costs of inadequate investment in human capital for countries, macro regions and the world at large. These costs are borne by individuals (private costs), the ...
(also available as 'The price of inaction: the global private, fiscal and social costs of children and youth not learning', United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Paris, 2024)
I24, I25
17295 Francine D. Blau
Lisa M. Lynch
50 Years of Breakthroughs and Barriers: Women in Economics, Policy, and Leadership
This paper provides an overview of what has happened over the past fifty years for women as they worked to break through professional barriers in economics, policy, and institutional leadership. We ...
(published as 'Fifty Years of Breakthroughs and Barriers: Women in Economics, Policy, and Leadership' in: ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2024, 711 (1), 225-244)
J0, J01, J10, J16, J2, J21, J24, J7, J70
17294 Matias Busso
Sebastián Montańo
Juan S. Muńoz-Morales
Nolan G. Pope
The Unintended Consequences of Merit-Based Teacher Selection: Evidence from a Large-Scale Reform in Colombia
Teacher quality is a key factor in improving student academic achievement. As such, educational policymakers strive to design systems to hire the most effective teachers. This paper examines the ...
(published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2024, 239, 105238.)
I25, I28, J24
17293 Malte Sandner
Ipek Yükselen
Unraveling the Gender Wage Gap: Exploring Early Career Patterns among University Graduates
A large body of literature has shown that the gender wage gap is small in the first years after graduation and increases gradually with age, largely because of family decisions, i.e., a penalty ...
(published in: Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 2025, 72 (2), e12405)
I23, J16, J31, J71
17291 John Forth
Alex Bryson
Van Phan
Felix Ritchie
Carl Singleton
Lucy Stokes
Damian Whittard
Revisiting Sample Bias in the UK's Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, with Implications for Estimates of Low Pay and the Bite of the National Living Wage
The Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE) is based on an annual one per cent sample of employee jobs and provides many of the UK's official earnings statistics. These statistics are generated ...
(published online as 'The Representativeness of the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings and its Implications for UK Wage Policy' in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 25 August 2025)
C81, C83, J31
17283 Matias Busso
Sebastián Montańo
Juan S. Muńoz-Morales
Unbundling Returns to Postsecondary Degrees and Skills: Evidence from Colombia
Using longitudinal data of college graduates in Colombia, we estimate labor market returns to postsecondary degrees and to various skills—including literacy, numeracy, foreign language, and ...
(published in: Education Economics, 2024, 33 (1), 1-18)
I20, I24, J24, J31
17278 Bernd Hayo
Duncan H.W. Roth
The Perceived Impact of Immigration on Native Workers' Labour Market Outcomes
A sizeable literature analyses how immigration affects attitudes towards migrants and discusses differences between socio-economic groups and their potential correlation with perceived concerns about ...
(published in: European Journal of Political Economy, 2024, 85, 102610)
F22, J61, D84
17275 Nick Drydakis
Reducing the Gender Digital Divide Amongst Immigrant Entrepreneurs
Information and communication technology (ICT) can boost existing socio-economic inequalities if the former is socially exclusive. Longstanding barriers prevent minoritized populations from accessing ...
(published in:G. Meramveliotakis and M. Manioudis (eds). Sustainable Economic Development Perspectives from Political Economy and Economics Pluralism, London: Routledge, 2025, 237-264.)
O3, M2
17270 Riccardo Turati
Network Abroad and Culture: Global Individual-Level Evidence
This paper analyzes whether natives with a network abroad have a distinctive cultural stance compared to similar individuals without such connections within the same region. Using individual-level ...
(published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2025, 38 (1), 1-42)
F22, O15, Z10
17258 Christian Grund
Christine Harbring
Lisa Klinkenberg
An Experiment on Creativity in Virtual Teams
The organization of work and the characteristics of tasks have undergone considerable changes in recent years. The developments include (i) an increased relevance of virtual teams and (ii) a higher ...
(forthcoming in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization)
C92, M5
17255 Alex Bryson
Tim Morris
David Bann
David Wilkinson
The Gender Wage Gap across Life: Effects of Genetic Predisposition Towards Higher Educational Attainment
Using two polygenic scores (PGS) for educational attainment in a biomedical study of all those born in a single week in Great Britain in 1958 we show that the genetic predisposition for educational ...
(published in: Economics and Human Biology, 2025, 56, 101471)
I26, J31, J16, J24
17253 Kamila Cygan-Rehm
Lifetime Consequences of Lost Instructional Time in the Classroom: Evidence from Shortened School Years
This study estimates the lifetime effects of lost classroom instruction on labor market performance. For identification, I use historical shifts in the school year schedule in Germany, which ...
(forthcoming in: Journal of Labor Economics)
I21, I26, J24, J17
17251 Tony Fang
Mei Hsu
Carl Lin
Migrants from a Different Shore: Earnings and Economic Assimilation of Immigrants from China in the United States
Using data from 1980, 1990, and 2000 U.S. censuses, as well as the 2010 and 2019 American Community Surveys and the 1993–2019 National Survey of College Graduates, we investigate the performance of ...
(published online in: Journal of Labor Research, 01 October 2024)
J31, J61, J24
17244 Christian Dustmann
Rasmus Landersř
Lars Hřjsgaard Andersen
Unintended Consequences of Welfare Cuts on Children and Adolescents
This paper studies the effects of a large welfare benefit reduction on the children in the affected families. The welfare cut targeted adult refugees who received residency in Denmark, and it reduced ...
(revised version published in: American Economic Journal, 2024, 16 (4), 161–185)
I24, I30, J10, K14
17239 Apostolos Davillas
Victor Hugo de Oliveira
Athina Raftopoulou
Parental Health, Adolescents' Mental Distress and Non-cognitive Skills
Drawing on nationally representative UK data, we explore the association of parental health and disability with mental distress and non-cognitive skills development of adolescents; both self-reported ...
(significantly revised version published in: Economics & Human Biology, 2025, 58, 101506)
I10, J24, C21, J12
17238 Gabrielle Pepin
The Effects of Child Care Subsidies on Paid Child Care Participation and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from the Child and Dependent Care Credit
The Child and Dependent Care Credit (CDCC), a tax credit based on income and child care expenses, reduces child care costs for working families. The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act ...
(published in: ILR Review, 2025, 78 (4), 645-666)
J13, H24, J22, H71
17235 Tony Fang
Morley Gunderson
Viet Hoang Ha
Hui Ming
Intersectional Analysis of the Labour Market Impacts of COVID: The Triple-Whammy of Females, Children, and Lower Skill
We employ a Gender-Based Plus (GBA+) and intersectionality lens to examine the triple whammy of the differential effect of Covid on the trifecta of being female, lower-skilled and facing a motherhood ...
(published online as 'Intersectional analysis of the labour market impacts of COVID on women with young children and in low-skilled jobs' in: International Journal of Manpower, 19 September 2024)
J13, J16, J64, J71, J78
17234 Uwe Jirjahn
Cinzia Rienzo
Working from Home and Performance Pay: Individual or Collective Payment Schemes?
Working from home reduces real-time visibility of employees within the physical space of the workplace. This makes it difficult to monitor employees' work behavior. Employers may instead monitor ...
(revised version forthcoming in: British Journal of Industrial Relations)
J22, J33, M50, M52
17232 Eduardo Ramirez Lizardi
Elisabeth Fevang
Knut Rřed
Henning Řien
Effects of Health Shocks on Adult Children's Labor Market Outcomes and Well-Being
Using Norwegian administrative register data, we assess the impact of health shocks hitting lone parents, specifically stroke and hip fractures, on labor market outcomes and the well-being of adult ...
(published online in: Health Economics, 25 June 2025 )
I12, I31, J14, J22
17231 Thomas B. Astebro
Frank M. Fossen
Cédric Gutierrez
Entrepreneurs: Clueless, Biased, Poor Heuristics, or Bayesian Machines?
Entrepreneurship scholars are interested in understanding and describing how entrepreneurs make decisions under uncertainty, where the probabilities of outcomes are not known but perceived, resulting ...
(forthcoming in: A. Agrawal et al. (eds), Bayesian Entrepreneurship, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2026)
L26, J24
17226 Jianan Liu
Hongbo Cai
Carl Lin
Competition in the Labor Market: The Wage Effect of Employer Concentration in China
Competition in the labor market theoretically leads to higher wages, yet empirical evidence to substantiate it, particularly in developing countries, has been sparse. Our study delves into the impact ...
(published in: Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 2025, 64 (3), 343–379)
J42, J3, O53
17223 Anthony Lepinteur
Alessio Rebechi
Andrew E. Clark
Conchita D'Ambrosio
Nicholas Rohde
Claus Vögele
Loneliness during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Five European Countries
We use quarterly panel data from the COME-HERE survey covering five European countries to analyse three facets of the experience of loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic. First, in terms of ...
(published in: Economics and Human Biology, 2024, 55, 101427)
H51, I18, I31
17218 Timothy J. Hatton
Sailing Ship Technology, Navigation and the Duration of Voyages to Australia, 1848-85
Sailing ships persisted on emigrant voyages to Australia until the late nineteenth century and passage durations decreased by three weeks from the late 1840s to the mid-1880s. The shortening of ...
(published in: Economic History Review, 2025, 78 (2), 452-473)
F22, N77, O33
17216 Anna Adamecz
Anna Lovász
Suncica Vujic
Beyond the Degree: Fertility Outcomes of 'First in Family' Graduates
This paper looks at the relationship between higher education and fertility, focusing on how intergenerational educational mobility shapes this dynamic. Using the 1970 British Cohort Study, we ...
(published online in: Review of Economics of the Household, 23 July 2025)
I26, J13, J16, J24
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