IZA - All published DPs

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No. Author(s) Title JEL Class.
17319 Micole De Vera
Javier Garcia-Brazales
Establishment Size and the Task Content of Jobs: Evidence from 46 Countries
Using a mix of household- and employer-based survey data from 46 countries, we provide novel evidence that workers in larger establishments perform more non-routine analytical tasks, even within ...
(published in: Economica, 2025, 92 (366), 548-579)
J24, J31, L25
17314 Zheyuan Zhang
Hui Xu
Ruilin Liu
Zhong Zhao
Free Education and the Intergenerational Transmission of Cognitive Skills in Rural China
This paper estimates the impact of the Free Education Policy, a major education reform implemented in rural China in 2006, as a natural experiment on the intergenerational transmission of cognitive ...
(published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2025, 38, 29 (2025))
H52, I24, J24
17311 Nikos Askitas
Anoop Bindra Martinez
Fabio Saia Cereda
The IZA / Fable Swipe Consumption Index
This paper introduces a novel monthly consumption indicator: the IZA / Fable Data consumption indicator for Germany. It is based on credit card transactions data collected and anonymised by Fable ...
(published in: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 2025, 245 (4–5), 589–59)
D12, E2, C8
17305 Herwig Immervoll
Financing Social Protection in OECD Countries: Role and Uses of Revenue Earmarking
In many OECD countries, the majority of social spending is financed from earmarked revenues, and a large share of revenues earmarked for any type of government spending is used for social purposes. ...
(forthcoming in: U. Gentilini (ed.), Scaling up: insights into the financing, political economy and delivery of social assistance (preliminary title), World Bank: Washington DC, 2024)
H20, H50, I00, P52
17303 Katja Görlitz
Pascal Heß
Marcus Tamm
Should States Allow Early School Enrollment? An Analysis of Individuals' Long-Term Labor Market Effects
This study provides a policy evaluation of laws allowing early school enrollment of children, i.e., enrollment before the official school starting age. It investigates the effects of early enrollment ...
(published in: Empirical Economics, 2025, 68, 2383–2411)
I28, J21, J24
17296 Giorgio Brunello
Lorenzo Rocco
The Pecuniary Costs of Early School Leaving and Poor Basic Cognitive and Non-cognitive Skills
We produce estimates of the pecuniary costs of inadequate investment in human capital for countries, macro regions and the world at large. These costs are borne by individuals (private costs), the ...
(also available as 'The price of inaction: the global private, fiscal and social costs of children and youth not learning', United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Paris, 2024)
I24, I25
17295 Francine D. Blau
Lisa M. Lynch
50 Years of Breakthroughs and Barriers: Women in Economics, Policy, and Leadership
This paper provides an overview of what has happened over the past fifty years for women as they worked to break through professional barriers in economics, policy, and institutional leadership. We ...
(published as 'Fifty Years of Breakthroughs and Barriers: Women in Economics, Policy, and Leadership' in: ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2024, 711 (1), 225-244)
J0, J01, J10, J16, J2, J21, J24, J7, J70
17294 Matias Busso
Sebastián Montańo
Juan S. Muńoz-Morales
Nolan G. Pope
The Unintended Consequences of Merit-Based Teacher Selection: Evidence from a Large-Scale Reform in Colombia
Teacher quality is a key factor in improving student academic achievement. As such, educational policymakers strive to design systems to hire the most effective teachers. This paper examines the ...
(published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2024, 239, 105238.)
I25, I28, J24
17293 Malte Sandner
Ipek Yükselen
Unraveling the Gender Wage Gap: Exploring Early Career Patterns among University Graduates
A large body of literature has shown that the gender wage gap is small in the first years after graduation and increases gradually with age, largely because of family decisions, i.e., a penalty ...
(published in: Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 2025, 72 (2), e12405)
I23, J16, J31, J71
17291 John Forth
Alex Bryson
Van Phan
Felix Ritchie
Carl Singleton
Lucy Stokes
Damian Whittard
Revisiting Sample Bias in the UK's Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, with Implications for Estimates of Low Pay and the Bite of the National Living Wage
The Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE) is based on an annual one per cent sample of employee jobs and provides many of the UK's official earnings statistics. These statistics are generated ...
(published online as 'The Representativeness of the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings and its Implications for UK Wage Policy' in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 25 August 2025)
C81, C83, J31
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